url
	https://vast-lab.org/4ch/kb/s/4ch-kb/item/173
o:resource_class
	crm:E31_Document
bibo:authorList
	Cantisani, Emma and Cuzman, Oana Adriana and Vettori, Silvia and Chelazzi, Laura and Ciattini, Samuele and Ricci, Marilena and Manganelli Del Fá, Rachele and Chiarantini, Laura and Garzonio, Carlo Alberto
crm:P1_is_identified_by
	https://doi.org/10.1039/C8AN02426J
crm:P2_has_type
	https://vast-lab.org/4ch/kb/s/4ch-kb/item?resource_class_id=319 Document
	https://vast-lab.org/4ch/kb/s/4ch-kb/item?property[0][joiner]=and&property[0][property]=456&property[0][type]=eq&property[0][text]=Paper Paper
crm:P3_has_note
	Red stains are a common discolouration on stone cultural heritage all over the world. These are very difficult to remove and little is known about the reddish pigmentation. Numerous red stains were mapped on the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence, one of the most important monuments in Italy. This paper is focused on red stains on marble stone and the results of a detailed multidisciplinary approach are presented. Several analytical and investigation techniques (such as optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence mapping, X-ray micro-tomography, micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, microbial isolation, colorimetric measurements and isotopic analyses) were used to better understand the origin and processes involved in this kind of alteration. Analyses of the red stains led us to believe the presence of minium (lead tetroxide) and Pb are usually concentrated in the spaces between calcite grains. Red stains of Pb isotopic composition also overlap with data from Sardinian mines. These preliminary data seem to reinforce the suggestion of a source of lead from some metallic items (during restoration campaigns between 1938 and 1944, damaged parts were removed and replaced, and the new marble cladding was fixed with iron brackets treated with minium).
crm:P70_documents
	167
crm:P72_has_language
	English
crm:P101_had_as_general_use
	Architecture
crm:P102_has_title
	A multi-analytical approach for the study of red stains on heritage marble
crm:P103_was_intended_for
	Scholars
hdt:HP15_has_creation_date
	2019
crmpe:PP50_accessible_at
	https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/an/c8an02426j/unauth
crmpe:PP59_had_intended_audience
	Scholars

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